{"id":10986,"date":"2021-10-27T11:39:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T06:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i3tk.org\/demo2\/?p=10986"},"modified":"2021-10-27T11:45:44","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T06:15:44","slug":"ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i3tk.org\/demo2\/world-news\/resources\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\/","title":{"rendered":"IBD may disrupt mental health by breaking gut-brain link"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Around 30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience depression, anxiety, or both.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>A new study in mice suggests that impaired communication between the gut and the brain may be partly responsible.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>The study found that a gateway between the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid may close to protect the brain from inflammation during flare-ups.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>This may disrupt the gut-brain axis, a communication channel between the gut and brain with possible links to mental health.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ibd\/what-is-IBD.htm\" target=\"_blank\">IBDTrusted Source<\/a>&nbsp;involves chronic inflammation of the gut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two main types:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/151620\">Crohn\u2019s disease<\/a>, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/163772\">ulcerative colitis<\/a>, which only affects the large intestine and rectum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2015, an estimated&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/65\/wr\/mm6542a3.htm\" target=\"_blank\">3.1 million adultsTrusted Source<\/a>&nbsp;in the United States, or 1.3% of the adult population, had received an IBD diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Symptoms of IBD include persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjgh\/2017\/6496727\/\" target=\"_blank\">one study<\/a>, around 30% of individuals with IBD also experience depression, anxiety, or both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The pain and discomfort that some people experience with certain chronic illnesses increase their risk of developing mental health illnesses. However, that does not appear to be the whole story in IBD.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhile the overall impact of the disease on overall quality of life no doubt plays an important role in triggering anxiety and depression in IBD, there is also increasing evidence of direct biological connections between IBD-associated inflammation and neuropsychiatric diseases,\u201d said Dr. Gerard Honig, director of research innovation at the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Crohn\u2019s &amp; Colitis Foundation<\/a>&nbsp;in New York, NY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnxiety and depression are, in fact, experienced by a large proportion of patients affected by [IBD],\u201d he told&nbsp;<em>Medical News Today<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese comorbid conditions are also associated with worsened IBD outcomes,\u201d said Dr. Honig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crohnsandcolitis.org.uk\/about-crohns-and-colitis\/publications\/mental-wellbeing\" target=\"_blank\">Crohn\u2019s &amp; Colitis UK<\/a>, feelings of stress, anxiety, or depression can trigger new symptoms in the gut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A newly published study now suggests that IBD directly affects the brain by disrupting the gut-brain axis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chatter-between-gut-and-brain\"><a>Chatter between gut and brain<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/gut-microbiota-how-does-it-interact-with-the-brain\">gut-brain axis<\/a>&nbsp;is a two-way channel of communication between the gut and the central nervous system. Microorganisms living in the gut play&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4362231\/\" target=\"_blank\">a prominent roleTrusted Source<\/a>&nbsp;in the relationship, although, as in this new study, findings to date are mainly in rodent models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The new study found that inflammation in the gut may close a key gateway in this communication system that controls the exchange of signals between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike the blood-brain barrier, which prevents large molecules in the bloodstream from entering the brain, the gateway between the CSF and blood usually permits the passage of smaller molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the study found that it responds to inflammatory signals from the gut by slamming shut, presumably to prevent inflammation from spreading to the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research showed that in a mouse model of IBD, closure of the gateway disrupted memory and caused anxiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research contradicts the widely accepted idea that brain inflammation in IBD leads to cognitive and psychiatric symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study appears in the journal&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/epdf\/10.1126\/science.abc6108\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Science<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur data support the possibility that at least part of the behavioral and cognitive alterations that have been described in patients with IBD may result not from the enhanced inflammation, as generally hypothesized, but rather from the defense strategy activated by the organism to protect the brain from damage and guarantee its function.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a>The blood-CSF barrier<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The barrier between the bloodstream and CSF comprises a membrane in a specialized region at the base of the brain known as the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538156\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">choroid plexusTrusted Source<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cUnder healthy conditions, the choroid plexus connects the brain with the rest of the organism for both nutrient and metabolite exchange,\u201d said co-senior author Dr.&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hunimed.eu\/member\/maria-rescigno-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Maria Rescigno<\/a>&nbsp;of Humanitas University and Humanitas Hospital in Milan, Italy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDuring intestinal inflammation, in order to avoid inflammation further propagating to the brain, the choroid plexus closes down, and this interaction with the rest of the organism is interrupted,\u201d Dr. Resigno told&nbsp;<em>MNT<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Previous research by the same scientists revealed a \u201cgut vascular barrier\u201d that usually prevents bacteria from passing from the gut to the liver via the circulatory system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They found that inflammation in the intestines disrupts this barrier, which allows bacteria to spread to the liver and promotes inflammation elsewhere in the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new study found evidence that people with ulcerative colitis have an impaired gut vascular barrier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They confirmed that this is the case in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A subsequent set of experiments with mice showed that gut inflammation goes on to trigger the closure of the blood-CSF barrier in the choroid plexus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Closure of the barrier had associations with changes in the behavior of the mice, reducing movement and exploratory activity.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, there remained a possibility that the pain of ulcerative colitis rather than the shutdown caused these behavioral changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To rule out this possibility, the scientists studied genetically engineered mice in which the barrier stays shut even in the absence of inflammation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared with normal animals, these mice also showed signs of anxiety-like behavior. They also performed worse on standard lab tests of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/neuroscience\/episodic-memory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">episodic memory<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a>Can we restore communication?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, the research suggests that closure of this brain barrier due to gut inflammation may cause the anxiety and depression that some people with IBD experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe observe that closure of the choroid plexus isolates the brain and leads to anxiety-like behaviors and defects in episodic memory,\u201d Prof. Rescigno told&nbsp;<em>MNT<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe do not know whether other defects may be occurring,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The authors conclude that it may be possible to develop treatments that restore healthy communication between the gut and the brain in conditions that involve gut inflammation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, a major limitation of the study was that it relied on a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. The relationship between the gut and brain in humans may be more complex and it will be necessary to conduct human studies to elucidate any relationship between IBD and mental health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New research in mice suggests that a broken link between the gut and the brain may explain the effect of IBD on mental health<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-resources"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.8 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IBD may disrupt mental health by breaking gut-brain link - International Institute of Innovation and Technology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/i3tk.org\/demo2\/world-news\/resources\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IBD may disrupt mental health by breaking gut-brain link\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New research in mice suggests that a broken link between the gut and the brain may explain the effect of IBD on mental health\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/i3tk.org\/demo2\/world-news\/resources\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"International Institute of Innovation and Technology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/International-Institute-of-Innovation-and-Technology-101979535699954\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-27T06:09:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-27T06:15:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i3tk.org\/demo2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/hal-gatewood-OgvqXGL7XO4-unsplash.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"427\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@i3tkolkata\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@i3tkolkata\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2ed104da3b2d63ba12c40da792d0bf2e\"},\"headline\":\"IBD may disrupt mental health by breaking gut-brain link\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-27T06:09:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-27T06:15:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1012,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/hal-gatewood-OgvqXGL7XO4-unsplash.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Resources\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i3tk.org\\\/demo2\\\/world-news\\\/resources\\\/ibd-may-disrupt-mental-health-by-breaking-gut-brain-link-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"IBD may disrupt mental health by breaking gut-brain link - 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